Results of reference pricing and reimbursement discount rate schemes of Turkey
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7175/fe.v14i2.473Keywords:
Reference pricing, Policy analysis, Reimbursement discount rateAbstract
OBJECTIVES: General Directorate of Pharmaceuticals and Pharmacy (IEGM) is responsible for setting all prices for human medicinal products. The reference pricing system is used for setting these prices. Reference countries are reviewed annually and may be subject to certain alterations. There were 5 reference countries in 2009: Spain, Italy, Germany, France and Greece. The aim of this study is to show the distribution of reference countries which were used for reference pricing.
METHODS: The price list of pharmaceuticals which was published by IEGM on 15.04.2011 was used for analysis. Distribution of reference countries and prices were evaluated.
RESULTS: Prices of 6,251 generic and 3,703 original products were set according to the price list. 5,283 of generics and 3,306 of originals were in the positive list for reimbursement. Reference pricing was used for 2,352 generics and 2,281 originals. Prices of the remaining were set outside of reference pricing. 32 different countries were used for reference pricing. Italy was the most popular country for reference pricing. Even if it was not a reference country, Germany was used in some of the pharmaceuticals. The average reimbursement discount rate and price were 24.43% and 249 TL, respectively. There were no colerations between price and reimbursement discount rate, or reference country and reimbursement rate.
CONCLUSION: It has been shown that Italy has the highest impact on the pricing of all pharmaceuticals in Turkey. Even if it was not a reference country, Germany showed to affect pharmaceuticals more than other countries which were also not used for reference pricing. Even if reimbursement discount rates are stated by the Social Security Institution (SGK), there are different discount rates for pharmaceuticals. The analysis stated that there were correlation between price, country and discount rates. This analysis is first for the literature. Further analysis is necessary in the light of price changes and newly launched pharmaceuticals.
References
. Kockaya G, Kılıc P. Pharmaceutical Policies and Market Access in Turkey. ISPOR Connections 2012; 18
General Directorate of Pharmaceuticals and Pharmacy, Guideline for Pricing Medicinal Products. Ankara, 2007. Available at http://www.iegm.gov.tr/Showing.aspx?process=search&thelawId=180 (Last accessed October 2011)
Lindgren P, Åkerborg O. Analyzing the European External Reference Pricing System Using Spectral Graph Theory. Value in Health 2011; 14: A14-A15
Woff J. Pharmaceutical cost-control. Future of Healthcare in Europe, 2011. Available at:http://www.ucl.ac.uk/european-institute/analysis-publications/analysis/healthcare/Jo_Wolff.p
Stargardt T, Schreyögg J. Impact of cross-reference pricing on pharmaceutical prices: manufacturers’ pricing strategies and price regulation. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2006; 5; 235-47
Hutton J, Beale S, Kruger J. Pressures faced by people who care for somebody diagnosed with a cardiovascular condition. Value in Health 2009; 12: A344
Perard R, Gairy K, Gani R. European pricing and reimbursement update: optimal monetary benefits can depend on which country the process is initiated. Value in Health 2007; 10: A370
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. The Publication Agreement can be downloaded here, and should be signed by the Authors and sent to the Publisher when the article has been accepted for publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
- Authors are permitted to post their work online after publication (the article must link to publisher version, in html format)
