Neridronato nel trattamento dell’osteogenesi imperfetta: prestazioni cliniche ed economiche di un farmaco orfano

Abstract

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are osteoclast-mediated bone resorption inhibitors and the nature of the groups attached to the central carbon atom determines the drug potency. Neridronate is an injectable aminobisphosphonate, structurally similar to alendronate and pamidronate, authorized for the treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). This drug has often been used to treat other pathologies, as an off-label option, to increase tolerability and ameliorate compliance, partly because the management of orally administered bisphosphonates, with their gastrointestinal side effects, results complicated. In this paper pharmacokinetic, pharmacodinamic and main placebo-controlled clinical trials on OI patients are reviewed. The available scientific evidence demonstrates the neridronate efficacy to improve spine and hip bone mineral density, to lower markers of skeletal turnover and to decrease fracture incidence, compared with controls. We also report clinical trials results and data about the effect of intravenous infusions of neridronate in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis, Paget’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Finally, we consider the economical impact of chronic and incapacitating pathologies, like osteogenesis imperfecta, on family’s total income and the influence of the disease on quality of life of pediatric and adult patients.