Infectious diseases and pediatrics: a parallel scientific and health care pathway in the last two centurieshealthcare pathway in the last two centuries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7175/rhc.v4i2.634Keywords:
Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics, Healthcare pathwaysAbstract
Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases reached an autonomous healthcare assistance and scientific pathway in a different mode when comparing the English-American medical world, and the South-European countries, including Italy. Like the late recognition of childhood as human beings deserving a specific assistance by specialist physicians (pediatricians) in the English-American health care system, also Infectious Diseases developed as a subspecialty of General Internal Medicine in the English-American countries, while played their autonomous role especially in some European countries including Italy, where some prominent academic and assistance centres of Infectious Diseases had their roots just in some Pediatric references centres located throughout the country. Aim of our work is also to explore the unmet needs of pediatric infectious diseases assistance still relevant in the third millennium, both in the industrialized worlds, and in developing countries.References
Chiodo F, Manfredi R. Infettivologia. In: Gaburro D, Paolucci G, Salvioli GP, Volpato S (Eds.). Pediatria Generale e Specialistica. Napoli: Guido Gnocchi Editore – Casa Editrice Idelson, 1997; pp. 863-938
Bonomini V, Campieri C, Scolari MP, et al. The age-old spirit of nephrology from the oldest university in the world. Am J Nephrol 1994; 14: 361-4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000168748
Chiodo F, Manfredi R. I progressi della Medicina a Bologna: Sant’Orsola-Malpighi – Malattie Infettive. Bollettino delle Scienze Mediche 2007; 179: 51-66
Salvioli G. Salvioli diffusing vaccine in prophylactic antituberculous vaccination in humans. Minerva Med 1953; 19: 1313-22
Gotti D. Medical problems concerning the social rehabilitation of poliomyelitic patients. Clin Pediatr (Bologna) 1957; 39: 491-508
Gotti D. From acute anterior poliomyelitis to poliomyelitis-like infectious syndromes. Minerva Med 1966; 57: 3273-9
Gotti D, Monari E, Pezzoli A. Clinico-statistical findings on 445 cases of viral hepatitis in childhood. Clin Pediatr (Bologna) 1968; 50: 735-65
Newland JG, Banerjee R, Geber JS, et al. Antimicrobial stewardship in pediatric care: strategies and future directions. Pharmacotherapy 2012; 32: 735-43; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.2012.01155.x
Hostetter MK. What we don’t see. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 1328-34; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1111421
Osler W. On the systolic brain murmur of children. Boston Med Surg J 1880; 103: 29-30; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM188007081030202
Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2010; 375: 1969-87; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60549-1
Sabbatani S, Manfredi R, Fiorino S. Il ruolo delle infezioni malariche nello sviluppo antropologico. Rivista di Storia della Medicina 2009; 19: 135-65
Sabbatani S, Manfredi R, Fiorino S. The Justinian plague. Infez Med 2012 20: 125-39
Ware J. On croup. Boston Med Surg J 1850; 42: 233-46; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM185004240421202
Webster JO. Children’s diseases in Masachusetts. Boston Med Surg J 1873; 89: 173-81; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM187308140890701
Ausubel JH, Meyer PS, Wernick IK. Death and human environment: the United States in the 20th century. Technol Soc 2001; 23: 131–146; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-791X(01)00005-7
Current literature. Boston Med Surg J 1914; 170: 181
Provenzano RW, Wetterlow LH, Ipsen J. Pertussis immunization in pediatric practice in public health. N Engl J Med 1959; 261: 473-8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM195909032611001
McComb JA, Trafton MZ. Immune responses and reactions to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, with pertussis vaccine, aluminium phosphate precipitated. N Engl J Med 1950; 243: 442-4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM195009212431204
Lepow ML, Warren RJ, Gray N, et al. Effect of Sabin type 1 poliomyelitis vaccine administered by mouth to newborn infants. N Engl J Med 1961; 264: 1971-8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM196105252642102
Pagano JS, Plotkin SA, Koprowski H. Variations in the responses of infants to living attenuated polio virus vaccines. New Engl J Med 1961; 264: 155-63; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM196101262640401
Katz SL, Kempe CH, Black FL, et al. Studies on an attenuated measles-virus vaccine. General summary and evaluation of the results of vaccine. N Engl J Med 1960; 263 :180-4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM196007282630408
Shannon JA. Medical research – some aspects than warrant public understanding. N Engl J Med 1971; 284: 75-80; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197101142840204
Breman JG, Arita I. The confirmation and maintenance of smallpox eradication. N Engl J Med 1980; 303: 1263-73; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198011273032204
Vaccination. Boston Med Surg J 1853; 49: 145
Peltola H, Kaythy H, Virtanen M, et al. Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae bacteremic infections with the capsula polysaccharide vaccine. N Engl J Med 1984; 310: 1561-6; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198406143102404
Connor EM, Sperling RS, Gelber R, et al. Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with zidovudine treatment. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 1173-80; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199411033311801
Chiodo F, Ricchi E, Costigliola P, et al. Vertical transmission of HTLV-III. Lancet 1986; i:739; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91129-3
Richardson V, Hernandez-Pichardo J, Quintanar-Solares M, et al. Effect on rotavirus vaccination on death from childhood diarrhea in Mexico. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 299-305; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0905211
Calza L, Manfredi R, Marinacci G, et al. Le malattie da prioni. La correlazione tra l’encefalopatia spongiforme bovina e la nuova variante della malattia di Creutzfeld-Jakob. Ann It Medicina Interna 1998; 13: 209-16
Calza L, Manfredi R, Verucchi G, et al. SARS: una nuova emergenza sanitaria mondiale. Recenti Progr Medicina 2003; 94: 284-94
Manfredi R, Calza L. Malattia della “mucca pazza”: novità scientifiche o terrorismo accademico? Recenti Progr Med 2005; 11: 558-9
Jefferson T, Frati D, Grasso E, et al. Aviaria. Influenza dei polli? Roma: Il Pensiero Scientifico Editore, 2006
Mazzoni A, Manfredi R. AIDS. Esiste ancora? Storia e Prevenzione. Bologna: Edizioni Studio Domenicano (ESD), 2007
Sabbatani S, Fiorino S, Manfredi R. The emerging of the fifth malaria parasite (Plasmodium knowlesi). A public health concern? Braz J Infect Dis 2010; 14: 299-309; http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-86702010000300019
Calza L, Manfredi R, Chiodo F. Anthrax. Recenti Prog Med 2001; 92: 717-26
Sparling PF. Bacterial virulence and pathogenesis: an overview. Rev Infect Dis 1983; 5 (Suppl. 4): 637-46; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/5.Supplement_4.S637
Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F. HIV disease among immigrants coming to Italy from outside of the European Union: a case-control study of epidemiological and clinical features. Epidemiol Infect 2001; 127: 527-33; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268801006227
Sabbatani S, Manfredi R, Legnani G, et al. Tuberculosis in a metropolitan area of Northern Italy; epidemiological trends and public health concerns. Eur J Epidemiol 2004; 19: 501-3; http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:EJEP.0000027368.60120.a6
Sabbatani S, Baldi E, Manfredi R. Causes of hospitalization among Extra-European Union children in a large Hospital of Northern Italy, in a five-year observation period. Braz J Infect Dis 2007; 11: 6-8; http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-86702007000100003
Kluger MJ, KozakW, Conn CA, et al. The adaptive value of fever. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1996: 10: 1-20; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70282-8
Mackowiak PA (Ed.). Fever: basic mechanisms and management. New York: Raven, 1991
Kluger MJ, Kozak W, Conn CA, et al. The adaptive value of fever. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1996; 10: 1-20; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70282-8
Manfredi R, Coronado OV, Mastroianni A, et al. Concurrent infectious mononucleosis and measles: a potentially life-threatening association sarin underlying immunodeficiency. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22: 470-1; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000066873.64509.51
Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F. Primary Cytomegalovirus infection in otherwise healthy adults with fever of unknown origin: a 3-year prosepective survey. Infection 2006; 34: 87-90; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15010-006-5012-0
Manfredi R, Sabbatani S, Gianelli U, et al. Epstein-Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma and local polymorphic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder in a patient with HIV disease. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care 2007; 11: 255-9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545109707302070
WHO. Removing obstacles to health development. WHO report on infectious diseases 1991; Geneva; WHO: 1999 Galazka A. The immunological basis for immunization series. Module 1: General immunology. Geneva: WHO, 1993
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. The Publication Agreement can be downloaded here, and should be signed by the Authors and sent to the Publisher when the article has been accepted for publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- Authors are permitted to post their work online after publication (the article must link to publisher version, in html format)